专题 14 阅读理解说明文（学生卷）--十年（2015-2024）高考真题英语分项汇编（全国通用）

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专题 14 阅读理解说明文

2024 年

Passage 1

【2024 全国甲卷】Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have

distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter.

But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations

with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract

attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft

meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed.

Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess

their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place

to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells.

Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future.

That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't

usually like.

Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find

random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of

predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just

doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!

4. What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph?

A. It's a survival skill. B. It's taught by mother cats.

C. It's hard to interpret. D. It's getting louder with age.

5. How does a pet cat assess different situations?

A. By listening for sounds. B. By touching familiar objects.

C. By checking on smells. D. By communicating with other cats.

6. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3?

A. Perform appropriately. B. Move faster. C. Act strangely. D. Do better.

7. What is a suitable title for the text?

A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Your Cat's Behavior

C. Have Fun with Your Cat D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy

Passage 2

【2024 新课标Ⅰ卷】In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and

citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of

photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of

species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.

“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a

mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the

Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes

from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species

are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”

Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested

how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.

“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias ( 使有偏差) data, like

the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,”

said Daru.

Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage.

Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the

people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their

encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-

catching features.

What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?

“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled

areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of

observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their

uploaded image.”

32. What do we know about the records of species collected now?

A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form.

C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition.

33. What does Daru’s study focus on?

A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens.

C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications.

34. What has led to the biases according to the study?

A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.

C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices.

35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps?

A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records.

C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.

的

Passage 3

【2024 全国甲卷】The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers—it accepts only the sick. The Saint

Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia.

Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural( 乡

村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions.

“People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German

photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast

regions(区域)of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia.

Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled

to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River,

including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors

to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.

The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year,

the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and

restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits.

Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very

impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and

very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”

8. How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains?

A. It runs across countries. B. It reserves seats for the seniors.

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专题14阅读理解说明文2024年Passage1【2024全国甲卷】Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals(声音)thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.Butcatsarespecialcreatureswhopossessamazingvocalizationskills.Theyareabletohaveentireconversati...

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